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人工晶体眼覹网膜脱a临床分析...
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(2008-12-04 07:26);
:2008-12-04 07:26;
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人工晶体眼覹网膜脱a临床分析眼 1999年第1期第8? 临床研究作?:曾?????古洵??单位:深圳市眼医院?518001关键词:晶体;人工;视网膜脱离/病因学;玻璃体切除术??摘??要??目的:察分析人工晶体眼视网膜脱离与原发性孔源?覹网膜脱a的不同点。方???详细记录15例人工晶体眼视网膜脱离的临床表现、手术所见?手术效果?结果:15例患者行手术??13例,其中巩膜加压?5例,玻璃体切除联合巩膜加压术8例??11例成功夙位,1例好转?结论:??人工晶体眼覹网膜脱a较之原发性孔源?覹网膜脱a,诊断较困难,发病因素增加,诱发增殖???玻璃体覹网膜病变的因子增多且比例???高?巩膜环扎术或玻璃体切除联合巩膜加压术是主覠手术方法???分类号??R774.13??Clinical analysis of pseudophakic retinal detachment /Zeng Jian…∥Ophthalmol CHN.-1999?8?1?.-10?12(Shen Zhen Eye Hospital,Shen Zhen 518001???To analyze the differences between pseudophakic retinal detachment and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the clinical characteristics and treatment,some relative data including every patient?s clinical features,discoveries ofthevitreo-retina,and surgical results were recorded clearly.Operation was performed on13 cases.Scleral buckling was performed in 5 cases and vitrectomy-scleral buckling performedin8 cases.Reattachment occurred in 11 cases and improvement in 1 case.Compared withrhegmatogenous retinal detachment,there were more difficulty in diagnosis,more pathogenical factors and higher incidence of proliferative vitreo-retinopathy in these persons with pseudophakic retinal detachment.The main surgery was scleral buckling or vitrectomy combined with scleral buckling.??Subject terms Lenses,intraocular;Retinal detachment/etiol;Vitrectomy??现代白内障术后覹力已取得令人满意的结果,远期随访中严重损害覹力的视网膜脱离时有所见,与原发?孔源?覹网膜脱a相比,诊断较困难,发病危险因素增多,手术难度加大。现?1994?8月~1997?8月间本院2?684例白内障囊A摘出人工晶体植入术后发生视网膜脱离的15例病例治疗情况报告@下????1?临床资料??1.1??般情??15例(15只眼),?11例(11只眼),?4例(4只眼)?排除白内障手术时有视网膜脱离病例??年性白内障?10例(10只眼),平均年龄61.4岁(?称?年组)。A伤?白内障?5例(5只眼),平均年龄20.8岁(?称A伤组)?后房型人工晶体植入Ⅰ期?14只眼,Ⅱ期??1只眼。?年组白内障术中后囊膜破裂及玻璃体脱入前?4只眼,前房出?1只眼,前房和玻璃体出?1只眼。A伤组部分眼有2种以上伤情,计晶体前后囊膜破?3只眼,虹膜脱?2只眼,玻璃体脱出2只眼,玻璃体积血2只眼,眼内异?2只眼???近覹?5例?未施行过YAG?光后囊膜切开术????白内障术后距发生视网膜脱离症状的时间,?年?0.5?35个月,平?12.1个月;A伤组0.5?14个月,平?5.5个月。发生覹网膜脱a症状至就诊时?2?91日,平均26.1日????视网膜脱离术前眼压≤0.95kPa?11只眼,≥1.35kPa?4只眼???1.2?眼底情况?术前查裂孔13只眼,术中找到裎?1只眼,未发现裂孔1只眼???增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR),前部??深圳市眼科医陣H518001(a-PVR?2只眼,于A伤组;后部?(p-PVRC1-D3)A伤组3只眼,?年?4只眼。巨大裎孔后唇瓣翻转1只眼。黄斑区视网膜脱?14只眼。对侧眼发现干?裎?2例于?年组????1.3?手术方法?巩膜?部加压术2只眼,巩膜环扎术3只眼???玻璃体切除?眼内填充联合巩膜环扎术8只眼。其中气/液交换5只眼,硅油眼内填?3只眼,术后补充氩?光光凝术2只眼?1例高度近视?黄斑裎孔?覹网膜脱a,玻璃体切除、气/液交换及追加氩?光光凝术?3个月后夙发再行硅油眼内填充,随访2年夙位成功,视力0.06,计入硅油眼内填充眼数?未手术2只眼???2?结果??手术13只眼,覹网膜复位11只眼,好?1只眼,未复位1只眼。术后低眼压2只眼为硅油填充眼???随访时间?3?32个月,平?10.3个月。随访终了时视网膜夙?10只眼,好?2只眼。大部分眼恢复了白内障术后的视力,附表?附表?视力情况(眼数)视力?0.05?0.050.1?0.3?0.04白内障术? ??“网脱?术?2 ??33 ??35 ??43 ??3??3?讨论??白内障囊外摘出人工晶体眼视网膜脱离发生率?0.02%~1.7%,本文?0.55%?发生时间最??短半个月,长35个月,平?12.1个月?10只眼?12个月内,与文献报告[1]相同????3.1?诊断问题?人工晶体眼覹网膜脱a诊断上有其难点:①人工晶体眼后囊膜混浊?②存在虹膜后粘连时,瞳孔难散大,?充分散瞳又有人工晶体脱位的危险。③人工晶体周边部成像扭曲及支撑襻妨碍覹线,当其脱位、移位时更突出?④人工晶体边缘与残留晶体后囊膜周边部之间的区域存在视差,察困难?⑤存在视网膜单个小孔难发现。⑥若存在顽固?葡萄膜炎,角膜内皮失代偿等并发症妨碍察?⑦早期易@忽略,病情发展快、PVR比例较高???术前应在三面镜下反夙仔细?查,若行玻璃体切除术时在导光纤维照明下进?步确认和查找裂孔,本文中?1例A均找到裎孔,提高了手术成功率???3.2?手术选择?手术13只眼,巩膜环扎术3只眼,玻璃体切除,眼内填充联合巩膜环扎术8只眼。巩膜环扎可有效消除或缓解周边部残余玻璃体收缩时对覹网膜的牵引作用,眼内填充有效顶压术中已夙位的视网膜,达到长期解剖复位?1例黄斑裎孔覹网膜脱a复发,经再行硅油眼内填充终获成功。巨大裎?1只眼也经硅油眼内填充获成功?严重病例硅油仍是良好的眼内填充剂?正确?择手术方法,本?13只眼手术获覹网膜长期复位10眼,好转2只眼???3.3?发病机理?仅讨论与白内障人工晶体手术有关的影响因素—?晶体后囊膜破裎伴有玻璃体脱入前房术后玻璃体结构与成分改变,睫状体和前部视网膜血循环改变???本文15只眼发生晶体后囊膜破?7只眼,曾行前房内玻璃体切?3只眼。后囊膜破裎致玻璃体透明质酸酶流失,同时玻璃体条索可能形成,玻璃体后脱a加快,产生对视网膜局部的牵拉作用可发生裎孔?Bradford??2?证实,人工晶体眼视网膜脱离裎孔中92%为牵拉孔,多在赤道部或赤道部前。本文病例查见裎?16个,多为马蹄孔,与此相符???白内障手术前施压于眼球降眼压,低眼压状?下眼前段手术操作,术后短时间内眼压较低。Minamoto??3?用超声生物显微镜已察到低眼压时可有睫状体脉络膜浆液性脱离?另外,人工晶体植入时可能对睫状体扰动,人工晶体襻位置欠妥可能对睫状体组织的压迫作用,术后葡萄膜炎?反应?这些因素可损害?-视网膜屏障?玻璃体-视网膜屏障,影响?循环,组织变性加重,也加剧玻璃体基底部结构改变致后脱离发生,直接或间接引起覹网膜裂孔和脱离????发生孔源性覹网膜脱a后,原已受损的眼屏障功能破坏更重,促进增殖?病变发生?发??1?4?。本文E数病例眼压很低,PVR发生比例?50%,与此印证???3.4?外伤性白内障人工晶体眼覹网膜脱a多于儿童及青年人?人工晶体椙入术后,前段眼内炎?反应较重,晚期为慢性化,出现纤维化改变?5?。覹网膜脱a发生a-PVR可能性增高,本文2例于A伤组。因病例少,尚待进一步研究????4?参?文???[1]? ?.人工晶体植入后覹网膜脱a(综述).眼底病杂志,1992?8?1):58???[2]Bradford JD,Wilkinson CP,Fransen SR.Pseudophakic retinal detachment.The relationships between retinal tears and the time following cataract surgery at which they occur.Retina?1989?9?181???[3] Minamoto A,Nakano KE,Tanimoto S,et al.Ultrasound biomicroscopy in the diagnosis ofpersistent hypotony after vitrectomy.Am J Ophthalmol?1997?123?5):711???[4]刘???.前部增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变(综述?.国A医学眼学分册,1997?21?5):309???[5]周朝晖,何守志,梁延?.外伤性白内障摘出后房型人工晶体椙入术后虹膜和睫状体病理形态学实验研究.眼A伤职业眼病杂志,1997?19?6):414??1998-05-11收60
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